Collar 1A

The collar 1A uses enhanced electronics, complete with a full sensor and function suite, taking your tracking capabilities to the next level.

This collar is suitable for:

  • Animals weighing more than 2.5 kg

  • Animals temporarily in UHF download range

 

Collar 1A (leather)

Collar specifications

Electronics dimensions (L x W x H in mm)
44 x 26 x 15
Battery dimensions (L x W x H in mm)
54 x 20 x 23
Minimum collar belt circumference
180 mm
Weight*
75 g
Min. animal weight (3% rule)
2.5 kg
Battery capacity
2300 mAh
Potential total GPS fixes**
3600 fixes
Sensor suite
GPS, ACC, IMU, Geofence
Communication
UHF
Collar materials
Leather, Silicone, PU

* Collar weight varies with final circumference. Values shown are average production weights, incl. extra belt for individual fitting.

** Estimated using hourly GPS fixes (24 h/day), 20 Hz ACC for 2 seconds every 10 minutes (24 h/day), and a 1 Hz Pinger (1 h/day).

Features


Multi-sensor data acquisition

Wildlife research has become complex – too complex for terrestrial tracking and even GPS alone. By intelligently combining a variety of additional sensors including ACC and IMU, you get a much more complete picture of the animal’s life and can tackle much more complex study questions.

GPS

GPS provides detailed information about animal position and movement. With a GPS position of up to every 1 second and extremely high accuracy, precise movement analyses are possible on:

  • Migration
  • Home range

  • Habitat selection and use
  • Locomotion

ACC

The acceleration sensor (ACC) provides in-depth information about animal behavior. It measures acceleration (activity) on 3 axes with a frequency of up to 100Hz. The short bursts of raw data enable the study of:

  • Activity patterns

  • Behavior classification

  • Energy budgeting

  • Animal well-being

IMU

The inertial measurement unit (IMU) combines accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer sensors for an even more in-depth look at: 

  • 3D animal movement

  • Travel & hunting performance

  • Formation movement and group decision-making


Smart sampling

e-obs smart sampling allows you to focus on – and collect – only the most relevant data. You can focus your recording based on animal behavior (activity, speed or posture), location (geofence), and other parameters to optimize your data collection, energy budgeting and overall tag performance.


Dual wireless download and acces

e-obs offers standard terrestrial tracking (pinger) and 2-way local remote download via UHF radio communication with minimal power requirements and high data rates.


Better by design

Reliability without compromise. It simply must work – always. Which is why we make no compromises and think things through down to the very last design details. We also only use top-quality components to ensure that our e-obs tags last and perform.

  • Superior UV-protected housing materials

  • 100% waterproof even in the harshest environments


Analysis software and data access

The e-obs tag can provide you with an extensive and valuable data set, and we offer many ways and third-party software solutions to access, manage and analyze this data. To help you work as effectively as possible, e-obs offers data conversion in various formats, download via Movebank and software solutions such as Firetail.


Dive deep into your data

Our goal is to provide you with a tag that not only allows you to monitor your animal, but also to see every little movement and perform detailed behavioral studies. The data collected by e-obs tags provides in-depth information about the animal’s activity – every second, every hour, every day, every month, every year, or even over the animal’s entire lifetime.

Tracking movement at any level of detail

Track your animal’s migration (routes, timing), see and analyze stopovers or travel techniques (thermal jumps) and even the smallest movements such as fl ight behavior in thermal uplifts, the crossing of geographic barriers or hunting success.

Tracking activity at any level of detail

Accompany your tagged animal over days, weeks, seasons, and years. You will be able to understand its activity at each moment in time, how much energy it spends on each behavior, and perform a detailed behavioral classifi cation. See how it learns, changes and adapts its behavior and see how it powers through different periods.

References

2026

Basso, Enzo; Beirne, Christopher; Petri, Tobias; Goldhahn, Cody; Luthy, Kyle; Crowe, William; Zinke, Marcus; Wicks, Sarah; Tubelli, Eduardo; Chulla, Diego Rollim; Berger, Matthias; Whitworth, Andrew

Ground-truth validation of behavioral classifications from accelerometer data using an integrated GPS-accelerometer-camera device: application to an elusive scavenger Journal Article

In: Animal Biotelemetry, 2026, ISSN: 2050-3385.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, accelerometry, animal-borne video, behavioral classification, drop-off system, ground truthing, ground-truth validation, king vulture, Sarcoramphus papa, Vulture

Bounas, Anastasios; Kret, Elzbieta; Sidiropoulos, Lavrentis; Zakkak, Sylvia; Kapsalis, Eleftherios; Arkumarev, Volen; Dobrev, Dobromir; Stamenov, Anton; Stoychev, Stoycho; Vasilakis, Dimitris

Displacement effects on an endangered cinereous vulture population in a landscape of increasing wind power development Journal Article

In: Biological Conservation, vol. 315, pp. 111728, 2026, ISSN: 0006-3207.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, Cumulative impacts, Displacement, Energetic costs, Flight behaviour, flying bird, scavenger, Soaring birds, Space use, Spatial planning, Vulture, Wind energy

Faure, Louise; Gunnell, Yanni; Brønnvik, Hester; Bassi, Enrico; Grüebler, Martin U.; Jenny, David; Sumasgutner, Petra; Wikelski, Martin; Safi, Kamran; Nourani, Elham

Early avoidance of human-dominated landscapes by juvenile Alpine golden eagles Miscellaneous

2026, (ISSN: 2692-8205 Pages: 2026.01.30.702719 Section: New Results).

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, Bird Solar Cellular, eagle, Flying, Lifetime, raptor, Soaring

Gambra, Daniel; Peláez, Marta; Perea, Ramón; Navarro, Enrique; Hornfeldt, Birger; Singh, Navinder J.

Continental scale light-temperature extremes reveal key behavioural trade-offs Journal Article

In: 2026.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, eagle, Flying, Soaring

Tekam, Antoine S. A.; Russo, Nicholas J.; Sonké, Bonaventure; Deblauwe, Vincent; Nshom, Docas L.; Barbier, Nicolas; Ferraz, António; Saatchi, Sassan; Wikelski, Martin; Ordway, Elsa M.; Smith, Thomas B.

Habitat Selection and Seed Dispersal by the Great Blue Turaco (Corythaeola cristata) in the Rainforests of Southern Cameroon Journal Article

In: Biotropica, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. e70153, 2026, ISSN: 1744-7429, (_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/btp.70153).

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, African, Animal movement, Backpack, behavior, biodiversity, bird, Bird Solar, Flight behaviour, Flying, Forest, frugivore, home range, movement ecology, Space use, Step Selection Function, telemetry

Bravo-Chaparro, Elena; Rodríguez-Pérez, Jorge; Fernández-García, María; González, José Carlos; Báguena, Gerardo; e Santos, João Pedro Valente; Gutiérrez, Iván; López-Bao, José Vicente; Mateo-Tomás, Patricia

GPS-tracked vultures indicate a relaxation of conservation commitments in renewable energy development Journal Article

In: Journal of Applied Ecology, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. e70225, 2026, ISSN: 1365-2664, (_eprint: https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2664.70225).

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, biologging, Bird Solar Cellular, conflict, environmental impact assessment, environmental policy, Flying, human, legal downgrading, Lifetime, movement ecology, renewable energy, scavenger, scavengers, Soaring, Spatial planning, Vulture, Wind energy

Goodman, Paige E.; Bakner, Nicholas W.; Gulotta, Nickolas A.; Ulrey, Erin E.; Collier, Bret A.; Chamberlain, Michael J.

Space Use and Movements During Egg Laying Associated With Nest Fate and Female Survival in Eastern Wild Turkeys Journal Article

In: Ecology and Evolution, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. e73026, 2026, ISSN: 2045-7758, (_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.73026).

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, egg laying, ground, Meleagris gallopavo, mortality, nesting, reproduction, social, Space use, survival, terrestrial, Wild Turkey

Ferrer, Miguel; Muriel, Roberto; Bambusch, Ryan; García-Macía, Jorge; Morandini, Virginia; Ferrer, Miguel

Lack of Avoidance Behavior in Wind Farms by Young Spanish Imperial Eagles Miscellaneous

2026.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, avoidance behavior, avoidance behaviour, Bird Solar Cellular, density of locations, dispersal period, dispersal period; Spanish imperial eagle; wind farm; wind turbine, eagle, Flying, flying bird, human conflict, Lifetime, raptor, raptors, Soaring, Spanish imperial eagle, wind, wind farm, wind turbine

Ulrey, Erin E.; Bakner, Nicholas W.; Kilgo, John C.; Collier, Bret A.; Chamberlain, Michael J.

Exploring spatial relationships of male wild Turkeys during the breeding season Journal Article

In: Scientific Reports, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 4637, 2026, ISSN: 2045-2322.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, Behavioural ecology, Ecology, gps, ground, mortality, social, terrestrial, turkey

Pulcella, Sophie; Wolter, Kerri; Pinto, Juliana; Kuhn, Brian; Fiedler, Wolfgang

Monitoring survival probabilities of Cape Vultures Gyps coprotheres in South Africa, using GPS tracking data Journal Article

In: Ostrich, vol. 97, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2026, ISSN: 0030-6525, (_eprint: https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2026.2620766).

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, flying bird, global positioning system device, Migration, mortality, ringing, scavenger, survival probability, Vulture, vulture conservation, vulture decline

Mandl, Isabella; Abdou, Badrane Ben Ali; Said, Ishaka; O'Mara, Teague; Flanders, Jon; Chaihane, Sourette Said Ali; Lewis, Owen T.; Mohamed, Misbahou; Doulton, Hugh

Home ranges, feeding sites, and daily movement behavior of the highly threatened Livingstone's fruit bat revealed through GPS tracking Journal Article

In: Conservation Science and Practice, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. e70208, 2026, ISSN: 2578-4854, (_eprint: https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/csp2.70208).

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, Africa, African, Bird Solar 15g, flying fox, Flying Mammal, forest-dependent, habitat loss, habitat use, Indian Ocean, island conservation

Tavernier, Chloé; Mulder, Minke R.; Weterings, Martijn J. A.; Buij, Ralph; Langevelde, Frank; Nuijten, Rascha

Solar fields provide diurnal habitat for European hares (Lepus europaeus) within the intensive agricultural landscape Miscellaneous

2026.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Hare, human conflict, human landscape, lepus, Predation pressure, social, solar farm, Solar fields, Space use

Koch, Ryan W.; Hoarau, Axel O. G.; Ruyter, Tryssa; Duffy, Caitlin; Pascarosa, Lucie; Campbell, Kerry A.; Maynard, Casey L.; Cushman, Andrew; Flick, Heather; Musselman, Anthony; Patsko, Julianna; Bealer, Rachel; Rhone, Graham; Casalena, Mary Jo; Salvo, Andrew Di; Duren, Ken; Armstrong, Jay T.; Buderman, Frances E.; Larsen, R. Scott; Sobotyk, Caroline; Miller, Erica A.; Niedringhaus, Kevin D.; Geary, Brock; Anis, Eman; Gagne, Roderick B.

Risk Factors and Coinfection Dynamics of Pathogens in Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) From Pennsylvania, USA Journal Article

In: Ecology and Evolution, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. e73079, 2026, ISSN: 2045-7758, (_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.73079).

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: disease, disease surveillance, Ecology, ground, ground dwelling, human conflict, infectious diseases, LPDV, Mycoplasma, nest success, Nesting Disease, parasite, social, telemetry, terrestrial, turkey, Turkey Movement, turky, Wild Turkey, wildlife, Wildlife Management

2025

Wightman, Patrick H.; Gulotta, Nick A.; Cohen, Bradley S.; Collier, Bret A.; Chamberlain, Michael J.

Investigating diel patterns of predation events in wild turkeys using tri‐axial accelerometer data Journal Article

In: Wildlife Society Bulletin, vol. 49, no. S1, pp. e1631, 2025, ISSN: 2328-5540, 2328-5540.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, bird, diel cycle, Meleagris gallopavo silvestris, mortality, predation, Wild Turkey

2022

Magowan, E. A.; Maguire, I. E.; Smith, S.; Redpath, S.; Marks, N. J.; Wilson, R. P.; Menzies, F.; O’Hagan, M.; Scantlebury, D. M.

Dead-reckoning elucidates fine-scale habitat use by European badgers Meles meles Journal Article

In: Animal Biotelemetry, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 10, 2022, ISSN: 2050-3385.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, Badger, dead reckoning, Dead-reckoning, Distance travelled, european badgers, gps, Home-range, Logger, Movement, Tuberculosis

0000

GPS-tracking of two domestic cats in Sierra Nevada, southeastern Spain / Seguimiento GPS de dos gatos domésticos en Sierra Nevada, sureste de España Miscellaneous

0000.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, Collar 1A, Elusive, Mammal

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